Thursday, April 20, 2017

Self-Made Freaks!


Body Building Freaks!

self Constructed Freaks

Judging Self Made freaks






  • What makes a person choose NOT to be "normal"?
  • How does someone choose their "freak"?
  • What significance does this have for our reading of Goffman?
  • How would Bogden explain this phenomenon?

Schappel Twins: Exotic Mode of Presentation

                          LORI & DORi SCHAPPEL then




Talk Television and the "modern freak show".

  • What are the similarities and differences between these presentations?
  • How might Exotic vs Aggrandized modes of presentation be understood through these documents?
  • Identify "primal scenes in sociology"
  • What cultural values are expressed in these presentations?

The Hensel Twins: Aggrandized Presentation



                               ABBY & BRITTANY HENSEL (then)

Tuesday, April 18, 2017

What is an Individual?-Conjoined Twins

One of Us

Anatomy Matters:
  • It influences the assumptions people make on the basis of our anatomies
  • It limits and effects what we can experience in any given context
  • Anatomically based rules help to maintain order

Anatomical Normalization
  • Most of us go through minor normalization procedures every day- change body to fit the identity we want to present socially
  • But some things cannot be normalized
  • IMPOSITION of normalization on children by adult
    • Form of pity
    • Pity silences the receiver of it
    • Child’s anatomy is changed to fit the social context (desired)

Conjoined Twins and the notion of Individuality
  • Trapped in such a way that makes a normal happy life impossible
  • Usually they feel that they are perfectly normal
  • Intentionally “sacrifice” one conjoined twin to save another
  • What is the CULTURAL CONTEXT in which parents and doctors make these decisions about surgery
  • Expose the SOCIALLY TENUOUS NATURE of all human anatomies and raise the question of who should count as NORMAL
    • INTERSEXED CHILDREN: goal-make them look and cat like normal boys and girls
      • Assumptions: none could be happy. Would be cruel to leave them like that 
      • (but many inter-sexed people disagree and feel mutilated and robbed after such operations)

LIMITS OF INDIVIDUALITY
  • Singletons see conjoinment as a “fleshy prison” which limits individuality and freedom.
    • Makes public a physical intimacy that should be private (like breastfeeding)

Bunker Twins (Siamese) Chang & Ang
  • Could have been separated today
  • Led normal lives with wives and children
  • Doctors of the day felt they had a certain RIGHT to their bodies
    • Separation is necessary for the development of a healthy SOCIAL BODY (reaffirms social norms…there are ONLY women & men!) 
    • More worried about interracial marriage thatn marriage to conjoined twins
Hilton Sisters:
click here

Types of Con-joinment
  • PARASITIC TWINS
    • May be unaware of this if it ceases to develop embryonically
    • May be fully realized but not “alive” or without a head
    • FACTS
      • Unusual occurrence, but happens with some regularity
      • 2/3 are women
      • 40% are stillborn
      • 35 % dies within one day because of profound medical problems
      • Viable conjoined twins are very rare
      • What the body DOES:
        • Two people who can never eat, defecate, have sexual relations, or any other privacy defies imagination
        • One withdrawals and stays emotionally distant during the other’s sex
  • Individuality in American culture
    • Individualism=independence
    • Interdependence=weakness
    • You must show yourself to be different, separate, unique, and distinguishable from all others
    • We don’t even like when twins dress the same way (creepy)
    • Does NOT mean being integrated into a community as it does in many traditional societies
    • American story is the struggle against the system for individual rights
MONEY IS AVAILABLE FOR SEPARATION SURGERY, BUT NOT FOR RESOURCES TO LIVE AS CONJOINED TWINS!

Hensel twins
  • Work out explicit negotiations about every day to day task.
  • Model in cooperation
  • Think of themselves as individuals
  • Speak of themselves in the first person or as proper noun


DECISIONS TO SEPARATE
  • Seen as a purely medical issue
  • Need of a cure regardless of their medical (health) condition
  • Parent’s psychology:
    • Think of teasing
    • See it as a reflection of their imperfections
    • Imagining what all their lives will be like
    • Part of the grieving process absent the birth of a normal child
    • KNOW how to PARENT a normal child…surgical reconstruction will do this
    • Give them a normal (sex) life
  • When Normalization works
    • Reduces shame
    • Can achieve heroism
    • Always left with abnormalities and often lives of repeated surgery and medical problems.
    • Case where one twin was assigned as a boy, and one as a girl

IDEA evaluation LINK



CLICK HERE TO TAKE IDEA EVALUATION OF THIS COURSE

Thursday, April 13, 2017

Extra Credit TODAY

Transgendercide, with Janice Joseph
4:30
F111

Talk about the stigma of transgender
what is it?
what is the halo?
Is it about the bathrooms?

Audrey Lorde

Published in 1980, this a chronicle of poet Audre Lorde’s experience with breast cancer. She began writing journal entries a few months after her mastectomy.Lorde's eventually died from a recurrence of breast cancer.

When The Cancer Journals was published in 1980, Audre Lorde was already an important feminist poet. She had often criticized the popular feminist movement for focusing exclusively on white women, and she insisted on talking about race and class as compounding forms of oppression (STIGMA), including the racist assumptions white women brought to their feminism.

Audre Lorde asks in The Cancer Journals where she can find a model of how to deal with cancer, an understanding or a guide. She also questions Western medicine and asserts that women should control their own health and healing.

Women's Health & Empowerment: "Cancer Inc."

Audre Lorde writes that battling despair means surviving and fighting, and it  means knowing that her work is part of a continuum of women’s work. 
  • She questions the powerful medical establishment's insistence on prosthetics and other advances to help people look “normal.” (REFUSES TO COVER OR PASS)
  • Believes that an insistence on being physically normal interferes with a woman’s ability to heal. 
  • Wants to see women who with cancer as proud survivors
Silence is the Enemy:

Audre Lorde writes that when she was told her tumor was probably malignant she began contemplating her mortality. 
  • She found that what she most regretted were her silences. 
  • The book transforms silence, turning it into words and thus action.

Tuesday, April 4, 2017

Extra Credit Assignment: Counts as 1 Essay Grade

Based on your deepening understanding of the stigmatized group that is the subject of your mii-ethnography, devise an EMPATHY EXERCISE. Your exercise should be designed to have the participant feel as though they are a member os the stigmatized group. For this EC to count, you must have the following:

1. A definition of empathy and why it might lead to stigma reduction.
2. Clear description of 3 major challenges facing your group
3. Each major challenge is accompanied by an empathy exercise, whose execution is well described (step by step, if necessary).


DUE: April 25 (no exceptions :))

Essay#5 Due 4/20 (new date): Managing Multiple Stigma

Essay #5: Managing Multiple Stigma
Due 4/20 (new date!!!)


Living life under the constraints of stigmatization is difficult. But, what about those who are “marked” by multiple stigma? What strategies do they use to manage their “spoiled identities”. Illustrate your discussion using the lives of Beckett (in Philadelphia), Audrey Lorde (The Cancer Journals), and one other person from pop-culture, or who has been portrayed in the media. Consider what Goffman has to say about multiple stigma in your analysis.
            In your analysis of a figure in popular culture, make sure that you:
·      Identify an prove through argumentation that the individual is subject to multiple stigma.
·      Make sure to identify how they have chosen to manage their identity in comparison to Lorde and Beckett
·      Discuss how successful they have been at this task (measure their acceptance in “normal society”).